Coreless Tsav - Pab Humanoid Robots Master lub neej yav tom ntej
Tso lus
Humanoid robots tau dhau los ua lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, humanoid robots tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm AI thev naus laus zis, nrog rau lawv cov kev siv dav hauv thaj chaw xws li Kho mob thiab kev pabcuam. Txhawm rau txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom lag luam no, cov teb chaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau tshaj tawm cov cai thiab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau humanoid robots thiab lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv humanoid robot kev lag luam saw, lub coreless lub cev muaj zog, raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj kev txav chaw, plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, Tesla's humanoid robots dexterous tes + siv coreless motors ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, nrog rau txhua tus neeg hlau sib sau ua ke 12 ntawm lawv (6 ntawm txhua txhais tes). Kab lus no, raws li kev kawm ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog +, tshawb txog nws cov yam ntxwv, kev ua lag luam, thiab kev cia siab yav tom ntej.
Dab tsi yog Coreless Motor
1. Lub tswv yim thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov Motors
Lub cev muaj zog yog ib qho cuab yeej uas hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm kev tsim ib lub zog nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb los ntawm ib tug coil ntawm hlau (stator winding), uas ces tsav cov kev sib hloov ntawm lub rotor. Nyob rau hauv txoj cai, lub cev muaj zog siv lub zog ntawm cov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub magnetic teb kom ua tau zoo zog hloov dua siab tshiab.
Basic Principple of Motor Operation:
Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub rotating ncej, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog siv:
Los ntawm generating ib tug rotating magnetic teb, cov hlau nplaum yog teem rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab.
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tias "zoo li cov ncej tawm tsam, cov ncej sib txawv nyiam," lub rotating ncej yog tsav. Cias muab, thaum tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub coil-zoo li tus hlau, nws generates ib rotating magnetic teb, ua rau cov hlau nplaum tig.
Tom qab muab cov tub ntxhais hlau tso rau hauv lub kauj, txoj kev sib nqus flux ua kom muaj zog dua, thiab lub zog hlau nplaum yog qhov zoo dua. Ntawm no, lub cev muaj zog magnetic teb yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub kauj tam sim no thiab cov tub ntxhais hlau, tsim N thiab S ncej, uas tsav lub rotor tig.
Cov Cheebtsam tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev muaj zog
Stator:
Lub stator yog qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm lub cev muaj zog, thiab nws cov qauv tseem ceeb suav nrog cov ncej sib nqus, windings, thiab cov ncej:
Sib Nqus Ncej: Ua los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau thiab cov coils, lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim cov hlau nplaum.
Windings: Cov coils ntawm stator, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab insulating, yog siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum thaum tam sim no dhau los ntawm lawv.
Ncej: Feem ntau yog ua los ntawm aluminium alloy, uas muab cov qauv kev txhawb nqa thiab zoo heev corrosion kuj thiab lub zog.
Rotor:
Lub rotor yog lub rotating ib feem ntawm lub cev muaj zog, muaj xws li cov nram qab no loj Cheebtsam:
Armature: Ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv insulating, siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum thaum tam sim no dhau los ntawm nws.
Bearings: Feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau los yog ceramics, nrog zoo heev hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj, lawv txhawb kev sib hloov ntawm lub rotor.
End Caps: Ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li aluminium alloy, cov no muab kev sib khi thiab cov qauv tsim lub zog rau lub cev muaj zog.
Los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm lub cev muaj zog cov ntsiab lus thiab nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom tias lub cev muaj zog tsis muaj zog, nrog rau nws cov kev cog lus thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo, tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb tsav tsheb rau kev tsim kho humanoid robots technology. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, raws li thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus, daim ntawv thov ntawm coreless motors hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov neeg hlau ntse yuav dhau los ua ntau dua.
2. Coreless Motor txhais thiab kev faib tawm
Lub hnub yug ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau xyoo 1958, thaum Dr. F. Faulhaber thawj zaug tau tshaj tawm cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, thiab xyoo 1965, nws tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj cuam tshuam, cim qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog. Nws txoj kev tsim tau ua tiav qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Lub cev tsis muaj zog yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm DC mus tas li hlau nplaum servo motors thiab feem ntau muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb: stator thiab rotor. Lub stator yog tsim los ntawm silicon steel los xij thiab coils, thiab nws qhov tshwj xeeb slotless tsim kom tsis txhob muaj cov nyhuv cogging uas feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsoos motors, txo cov hlau poob thiab eddy tam sim no poob. Lub rotor yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, cov ncej, thiab kev sib dhos ruaj khov, siv lub nplhaib zoo li cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, uas pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa.
Piv nrog cov tsoos motors, qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog yog qhov kev tsim kho tshiab hauv nws cov qauv rotor. Tsis zoo li cov hlau-core rotor nyob rau hauv ib txwm motors, lub coreless lub cev muaj zog txais ib tug hlau rotor qauv, hu ua lub coreless rotor. Sab hauv, nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov hlau windings thiab hlau nplaum, ua rau lub khob hollow zoo li tus qauv.
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm motors, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau yog:
1. Concentrating thiab coj lub magnetic teb: Cov tub ntxhais hlau feem ntau yog ua los ntawm high magnetic permeability cov ntaub ntawv (xws li silicon steel los xij) uas zoo mloog zoo thiab coj cov sib nqus flux, yog li pab txhawb lub cev muaj zog magnetic teb zog thiab efficiency.
2. Kev txhawb nqa cov windings: Cov tub ntxhais hlau muab kev txhawb nqa ruaj khov rau lub cev muaj zog windings, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov windings 'cov duab thiab txoj hauj lwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog.
Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lub coreless lub cev muaj zog siv ib tug nyias-walled hollow cylindrical rotor, nrog cov windings ncaj qha qhov txhab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub rotor, tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev pab ntxiv hlau core.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb heev:
1. Tshem tawm eddy tam sim no thiab hysteresis poob: Nyob rau hauv cov tsoos motors, cov tub ntxhais hlau yooj yim generates eddy tam sim no thiab hysteresis poob nyob rau hauv alternating magnetic teb, uas txo lub cev muaj zog efficiency. Lub cev muaj zog tsis muaj zog, vim qhov tsis muaj cov tub ntxhais hlau, tshem tawm cov kev poob no, txhim kho lub zog hloov pauv ntawm lub cev muaj zog.
2. Txo qhov hnyav thiab txo qis kev sib hloov inertia: Cov qauv tsis muaj hlau ua rau lub rotor sib zog, txo qhov kev sib hloov inertia, uas ua rau lub sij hawm teb sai dua, pib nrawm dua thiab nres nrawm, thiab yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev nrawm nrawm thiab lub sijhawm teb.
Nrog rau cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb hollow cylindrical thiab optimized winding layout, lub cev tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem faib cov hlau nplaum zoo dua, txo cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev muaj zog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Coreless Motor Classification
Coreless motors feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li txoj kev sib hloov:
Coreless Brushed Lub cev muaj zog: Hom lub cev muaj zog no siv cov tshuab txhuam hniav rau kev sib hloov.
Coreless Brushless Tsav: Lub cev muaj zog no siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv hloov ntawm cov txhuam hniav ib txwm siv rau kev sib hloov. Qhov kev tsim no tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov pa roj carbon plua plav uas feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsoos motors, txo cov suab nrov, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau lub cev muaj zog ntev.
Los ntawm kev sib piv cov khoom sib txawv, nws yog qhov tseeb tias lub cev tsis muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog tsis tas yuav tsum tau txhuam cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tab sis siv Hall sensors txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub rotor lub magnetic teb hloov nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, converting mechanical commutation into electronic signals for commutation. Qhov kev tsim no ua kom yooj yim rau lub cev muaj zog lub cev qauv, ua rau nws ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ruaj khov.
| Table: Kev sib piv ntawm brushed thiab brushless DC motors | ||
| Qeb | Brushless DC lub cev muaj zog | Brushed DC lub cev muaj zog |
| Kev sib hloov | Electronic switch commutator | Txhuam yog nyob rau hauv mechanical kev sib cuag nrog lub rectifier ib feem |
| Cov yam ntxwv zoo | Feem ntau, lub rotor yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab lub stator yog armature | Feem ntau, lub rotor yog armature thiab stator yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov |
| Txoj kev thim rov qab | Hloov cov kab ke ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov commutator | Hloov lub davhlau ya nyob twg voltage polarity |
| Qhov zoo | Zoo mechanical kev ua tau zoo, lub neej ntev, tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, zoo cua sov dissipation | Zoo mechanical kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi qis |
| Qhov tsis zoo | Tus nqi pib dua me ntsis | Lub suab nrov, tsis zoo cua sov dissipation, commutation yuav tsum tau saib xyuas |
3. Qhov zoo ntawm Coreless Tsav
Lub coreless lub cev muaj zog, los ntawm nws txoj kev tsim qauv rotor, rhuav tshem cov kev txwv ntawm cov tsoos lub cev muaj zog rotors thiab txo qis eddy tam sim no poob los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsim qauv no ua rau lub cev muaj zog lub cev hnyav thiab txo nws txoj kev sib hloov inertia, yog li txo qis lub zog ntawm lub rotor thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Zuag qhia tag nrho, coreless lub cev muaj zog nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog lub zog siab ceev, lub neej ntev, cov lus teb ceev ceev, siab ncov torque, thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cua kub dissipation.
Siab zog ceev
Lub zog ceev ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog yog hais txog lub zog tso zis rau ib chav tsev ntim lossis ib chav hnyav. Piv rau cov motors ib txwm muaj, lub cev tsis muaj zog yog sib dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua vim nws cov rotor tsis muaj hlau. Lub rotor tsis muaj hlau tshem tawm cov eddy tam sim no thiab hysteresis poob los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau, txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab me me thiab yog li tso cai rau nws muab lub zog tso zis ntau dua thiab lub zog ntawm lub ntim me me. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog feem ntau nce mus txog 80%, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tsoos txhuam DC motors feem ntau qis dua, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 50%. Yog li ntawd, lub cev tsis muaj zog yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau cov khoom siv roj teeb uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov mus ntev, xws li cov twj siv hluav taws xob nqa tau, cov neeg hlau tsis muaj zog, ob txhais tes bionic, thiab cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob.
Siab Torque Density
Ua tsaug rau cov qauv siv hlau tsis muaj hlau, lub rotor ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog tsis yog lub teeb yuag nkaus xwb tab sis kuj muaj qhov me me rotational inertia, txhais tau tias lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm thiab nrawm nrawm, ua kom muaj zog ntau dua hauv lub sijhawm luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj ntau cov qauv ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj rotor, lub cev tsis muaj zog muaj peev xwm muab cov zis ntau dua rau hauv qhov chaw txwv.
Ntev Lifespan
Lub coreless lub cev muaj zog muaj ntau commutator ntu, thiab tam sim no hloov pauv thaum lub sij hawm commutation txheej txheem yog me me, uas txo cov inductance thiab ho txo cov electro-corrosion ntawm lub cev muaj zog system thaum commutation. Yog li ntawd, lub neej ntawm lub coreless lub cev muaj zog yog ntev npaum li cas ntawm cov tsoos brushed DC motors. Raws li kev tshawb fawb muaj feem xyuam, qhov kev cia siab lifespan ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1000 mus rau 3000 teev, thaum cov brushed DC motors feem ntau tsuas yog ob peb puas teev.
Teb ceev ceev
Cov motors ib txwm muaj, vim muaj cov tub ntxhais hlau, muaj qhov sib hloov inertia loj dua thiab yog li lub sijhawm teb qeeb. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lub coreless lub cev muaj zog muaj ib tug compact qauv thiab siv ib tug self-supporting khob-zoo li tus kauj rau lub rotor, ua rau nws sib zog thiab txo nws cov rotational inertia. Qhov no muab lub coreless lub cev muaj zog heev rhiab heev pib-nres yam ntxwv. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog feem ntau yog tsawg dua 28ms, nrog qee cov khoom txawm tias qis dua 10ms, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj rau 100ms lub sij hawm tas li ntawm cov tsoos hlau-core motors.
Siab Peak Torque
Lub cev muaj zog tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua tiav lub ncov loj dua nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv vim hais tias lub cev muaj zog torque tseem nyob ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm nce tam sim no, thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab lub zog. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov tsoos hlau-core DC motors tsis tuaj yeem nce lub zog ntxiv thaum lawv ncav cuag qhov saturation.
Kev ua tau zoo Thaum tshav kub kub Dissipation
Lub rotor nto ntawm lub coreless lub cev muaj zog tso cai rau huab cua ntws, muab cov cua kub zoo dua li cov tsoos hlau-core motors. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm motors, lub kauj ntawm cov hlau-core rotor feem ntau yog embedded nyob rau hauv cov grooves ntawm silicon steel los xij, uas ua rau tsis tshua muaj airflow ntawm coil nto thiab kub siab dua. Nyob rau hauv tib lub hwj chim tso zis tej yam kev mob, lub coreless lub cev muaj zog muaj ib tug txo qis kub nce thiab ntau npaum li cas kub dissipation.
4. Technical Path ntawm Coreless Tsav
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov coreless motors yog kev tsim cov coil, yog li tsim thiab winding txheej txheem ntawm lub kauj ua kev teeb meem. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov xaim, tus naj npawb ntawm cov lem, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xaim ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev muaj zog, thaum txoj kev winding ncaj qha txiav txim siab lub cev muaj zog thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Coil Design and Winding Methods
Lub winding tsim ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog feem ntau suav nrog ncaj winding, skew winding, thiab eeb winding.
Ncaj Winding: Txoj kev winding no nta coils qhov twg cov hlau yog sib npaug mus rau lub cev muaj zog, ua kom muaj zog winding. Thaum qhov kev tsim no yooj yim, qhov kawg ntawm lub armature tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj zog torque, thiab nws ua rau lub cev hnyav thiab ua haujlwm.
Skew Winding: Kuj hu ua honeycomb winding, txoj kev no siv lub kaum sab xis uas qhov kawg ntawm winding me dua thiab tsis muaj qhov kawg windings. Piv rau ncaj winding, skew winding txo qhov hnyav thiab rotational inertia ntawm armature, txhim kho lub cev muaj peev xwm acceleration thiab tso zis torque. Hom xws li lub teb chaws Yelemees's Faulhaber thiab Switzerland's Portescap feem ntau siv cov qauv no.
Saddle Winding: Txoj kev winding no siv tus kheej-bonding enameled hlau thiab txhim kho qhov sau tus nqi los ntawm ntau yam kev tsim thiab txheej txheem. Saddle winding tuaj yeem txo qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua thiab nce qhov kev siv ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, yog li txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub zog ceev. Qee cov khoom lag luam los ntawm Switzerland's Maxon txais qhov kev tsim winding no.
Cov kev sib txawv winding no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm, lub zog, thiab lub zog tawm ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab lawv kuj txiav txim siab lub cev muaj zog cov nqi tsim khoom thiab cov ntawv thov tsim nyog.
Kev faib cov txheej txheem Winding
Los ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, coil tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm coreless motors tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: phau ntawv winding, coil winding ntau lawm tshuab, thiab ib-kauj ruam tsim cov tshuab ntau lawm.
1. Kev tuav Winding
Manual winding yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv tes ua uas muaj cov txheej txheem nyuaj xws li pin insertion, phau ntawv winding, thiab phau ntawv winding. Thaum txoj kev no tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam customized, nws cov khoom siv tau qis dua, thiab qhov sib xws thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom raug txwv. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog siv rau me me batch los yog tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ntau lawm.
2. Coil Winding Production Technology
Coil winding ntau lawm tshuab yog ib tug semi-automated txheej txheem uas enameled hlau yog mob mus rau ib tug spindle nrog ib tug pob zeb diamond cross-section nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb kev txiav txim. Thaum qhov ntev yuav tsum tau mus txog, lub kauj yog muab tshem tawm thiab ces flattened rau hauv ib tug wireboard, uas yog ces raug mob rau hauv lub khob-zoo li tus kauj. Cov txheej txheem no muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom nruab nrab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Coil Winding txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv rau Coreless Armature Manufacturing," cov cuab yeej siv plaub tus neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav ib xyoos ib zaug ntawm 30,000 units. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txwv ntawm coil winding tshuab yog qhov feem ntau haum rau coreless coils nrog diameters ntawm 20-30mm. Rau cov coils me me nrog txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 10-12mm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kais qhov sib nrug tsawg dua 7mm, winding yuav nyuaj dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem coil winding yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntau heev, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom sib xws.
3. Ib-kauj ruam sib sau ua tshuab
Ib-kauj ruam tsim cov cuab yeej siv tshuab siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab ua kom cua enameled xaim mus rau spindle raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub coil raug mob rau hauv lub khob zoo, nws raug tshem tawm ncaj qha rau hauv ib kauj ruam, tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau cov txheej txheem ntxiv xws li dov lossis flattening. Txoj kev no muab cov qib siab dua ntawm automation, muab kev ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem xav tau kev nqis peev ntau dua hauv cov khoom siv. Piv nrog rau coil winding tshuab, ib-kauj ruam txoj kev siv tshuab tuaj yeem tsim ntau ntau yam ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab nws tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo thiab nruj ntawm coil kev npaj.
| Table: Kev sib piv ntawm cov txheej txheem winding thiab ib-kauj ruam ua txheej txheem | ||
| Txoj kev mob | Ib-shot forming ntau lawm technology | |
| Cov khoom siv tus nqi | Tsawg | Siab |
| Automation degree | Tsawg, tsis haum rau loj-scale automated ntau lawm | High, loj-scale automated ntau lawm yog ua tau |
| Tus nqi seem | Siab | Tsawg |
| Comprehensive technical nyuaj | Tsawg | Siab |
Saib ntxiv:Winding tshuab yog lub ntsiab barrier ntawm hollow khob lub cev muaj zog
Coreless lub cev muaj zog - Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Humanoid Robots
Humanoid robots, tseem hu ua anthropomorphic robots, yog cov neeg hlau ntse tsim los ua haujlwm thiab sib cuam tshuam hauv ib puag ncig zoo ib yam li tib neeg. Cov neeg hlau no yog tsim los ua rau tib neeg lub ntsej muag thiab kev coj cwj pwm, muaj peev xwm paub qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, paub txog cov khoom thiab tib neeg, ua tiav thiab nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv spatial, thiab muab kev pabcuam zoo thiab ntse. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm sensors, actuators, algorithms, thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho vajtse thiab software, humanoid robots tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo, ua cov ntaub ntawv, thiab teb rau tib neeg xav tau.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm thev naus laus zis, humanoid robots tau siv ntau dua nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam thiab xav tias yuav dhau los ua lag luam trillion-dollar ua lag luam nrog rau smartphones, tsheb neeg caij tsheb, thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis yav tom ntej. Hauv kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom, humanoid robots tuaj yeem hloov pauv tib neeg hauv kev ua haujlwm siab, muaj kev phom sij, thiab rov ua haujlwm dua, xws li tuav cov khoom siv, vuam, polishing, thiab lwm yam. Tesla npaj los qhia humanoid robots rau hauv nws cov gigafactories rau kev sib dhos kab ua haujlwm kom ua tau zoo ntau lawm thiab txo cov neeg ua haujlwm raug mob; Tuam Tshoj General Nuclear Power Group tseem tab tom txiav txim siab siv tib neeg cov neeg hlau hauv nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag; Foxconn tab tom sim humanoid robots los daws cov teeb meem kev tswj xyuas kom zoo, cov neeg ua haujlwm hloov pauv, thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev los ntawm qee yam haujlwm rov ua dua. Kev lag luam kev pabcuam tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Nrog lawv cov kev xav zoo ib puag ncig thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm tib neeg-neeg hlau kev sib raug zoo, humanoid robots tuaj yeem ua cov haujlwm xws li kev xa khoom thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv khw noj mov, tsev kho mob, thiab lwm qhov chaw, nrog rau kev pabcuam hauv tsev thiab cov phooj ywg hauv tsev neeg ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, Apollo, ib tug neeg hlau los ntawm US-based Apptronik, feem ntau yog siv rau kev tswj cov khoom lag luam thiab pab thauj khoom, nrog lub roj teeb lub neej ntawm 4 teev; G1, lub hom phiaj dav dav humanoid neeg hlau tsim los ntawm Yushu Technology, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo xws li qhib lub raj mis.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm humanoid robots, lawv feem ntau muab faib mus rau hauv lub execution system, xaav system, thiab lwm yam systems. Qhov kev ua tiav feem ntau suav nrog linear actuators, rotational actuators, thiab tes dexterous. Qhov kev nkag siab, nyob ntawm txoj hauv kev, suav nrog cov teeb pom kev pom, millimeter-yoj radar, inertial navigation systems, thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Lwm cov tshuab suav nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li chips thiab roj teeb. Lub dexterous tes, raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm lub execution system, ua raws li kev sib koom tes ntawm lub coreless lub cev muaj zog thiab planetary gearbox. Lub coreless lub cev muaj zog tsav lub planetary gearbox los tsim lub zog rov qab, uas tom qab ntawd rub cov ntiv tes pob qij txha los ntawm cov pob khawm lossis lwm yam kev sib txuas, hloov cov lus tsa suab mus rau hauv cov lus tsa suab. Los ntawm kev thov rau pem hauv ntej lossis thim rov qab voltage, lub cev tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov txuas ntxiv thiab thim rov qab ntawm cov ntiv tes, ua kom cov tuav lossis tso cov khoom.
Siv Tesla's Optimus neeg hlau ua piv txwv, nws txhais tes dexterous muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog, precision planetary gearbox, pob ntsia hlau, sensors, thiab encoders. Lub cev tsis muaj zog muaj kwv yees li 50% ntawm tus nqi ntawm tes tus actuator Cheebtsam, thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm 4 ~ 4.5% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm ib tug neeg hlau. Txhua tes dexterous yog tsav los ntawm rau lub cev muaj zog, nrog rau ob lub cev tsis muaj zog modules ntsia rau hauv tus ntiv tes xoo kom ua ob qho kev txuas ntxiv thiab flipping motions ib txhij; txhua tus ntiv tes yog tsav los ntawm ib qho coreless motor module. Lub rau lub cev muaj zog modules ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov cab iav thiab cov leeg ua haujlwm kom ua haujlwm tau yooj yim thiab meej ntawm tes.
Tsis tas li ntawd, humanoid robots tseem muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb: lub cev tsis muaj zog torque, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas xav tau siab torque, xws li pob qij txha. Raws li hom servo lub cev muaj zog, lub cev tsis muaj zog muaj kev tswj xyuas ntau dua thiab cov lus teb nrawm dua, ua rau nws siv dav hauv cov khoom xws li dexterous tes uas xav tau ntau dua precision thiab teb. Txij li tsab xov xwm no tsom mus rau coreless motors, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm frameless torque motors yuav tsis tau nthuav dav.
Coreless Tsav Kev Lag Luam Loj Loj
1. Tam sim no, txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev txawj ntse txawj ntse tau daws ob qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb rau cov neeg hlau: tsis muaj kev txawj ntse thiab tsis muaj cov ntawv thov scenarios. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kho vajtse ntawm humanoid robots tseem tab tom ua haujlwm nrawm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev yog qhov tsim nyog los txo cov nqi sai, yog li tso lub hauv paus rau kev nrov ntawm humanoid robots. Kab lus no ntseeg hais tias humanoid neeg hlau kev lag luam kev loj hlob yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb theem:
Theem 1: 2024-2026: Tsav los ntawm cov cai thiab peev, nws xav tias cov tuam txhab yuav maj mam nkag mus rau theem tsim khoom loj ntawm humanoid robots. Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub xyoos, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm unstructured kev lag luam kev lag luam, supplementing ib txwm muaj ntau lawm kab. Thaum lub sijhawm no, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev loj hlob txhua xyoo (CAGR) ntawm humanoid neeg hlau muag yuav tsum nyob ib puag ncig 50%.
Kauj Ruam 2: 2027-2030: Nrog rau kev txo tus nqi tas mus li thiab kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv, nrog rau kev siv thev naus laus zis tsis tu ncua, humanoid robots yuav maj mam nthuav tawm thiab dhau los ua neeg nyiam nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj peev xwm hauv tsev thiab kev pabcuam kev lag luam, nrog rau daim ntawv thov muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv mus. tshawb nrhiav. Lub CAGR ntawm humanoid neeg hlau muag thaum lub sijhawm no yuav tsum muaj txog 100%.
Theem 3: Tom qab xyoo 2030: Kev xav tau hauv cov xwm txheej xws li kev saib xyuas cov neeg laus, kev xav txog kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev siv tub rog yuav dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm humanoid robots, uas ua rau muaj kev lag luam nce mus ntev. CAGR ntawm humanoid neeg hlau muag nyob rau theem no yuav tsum muaj li 20%.
2. Los ntawm kev xav txog tus nqi, qhov nruab nrab nqi tsev tam sim no ntawm coreless motors nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si domestic thiab thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam yog 1200 RMB ib chav tsev. Piv txwv tias tus nqi tseem nyob ruaj khov rau yav tom ntej.
3. Piv txwv tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov coreless motors siv nyob rau hauv txhua tus humanoid neeg hlau tseem zoo ib yam li tam sim no, piv txwv li, 12 lub cev muaj zog rau ib tus neeg hlau.
Los ntawm kev kwv yees, pib xyoo 2028, kev ua lag luam nplai nce ntawm coreless motors hauv humanoid neeg hlau teb yuav mus txog qib billion-yuan. Los ntawm 2030, qhov kev lag luam nce ntxiv los ntawm humanoid neeg hlau teb yuav ntau dua 40% ntawm kev ua lag luam ua ke ntawm lwm qhov chaw.
| Table: Kev kwv yees ntawm qhov nce ntxiv ntawm hollow khob motors coj los ntawm humanoid robots | |||||||||
| 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | |
| Humanoid neeg hlau muag (10,{1}} units) | 1 | 1.5 | 2.25 | 4.5 | 9 | 18 | 36 | 43.2 | 51.84 |
| Humanoid neeg hlau muag (yoy) | 50% | 50% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 20% | 20% | |
| Tus naj npawb ntawm hollow khob motors ib lub cuab yeej (units) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Kev muag khoom ntawm hollow khob motors hauv daim teb no (10, 000 units) | 12 | 18 | 27 | 54 | 108 | 216 | 432 | 518.4 | 622.08 |
| Chav tsev nqi ntawm hollow khob motors (yuan) | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Nce hauv kev lag luam nplai ntawm hollow khob motors (10,000 yuan) | 12000 | 18000 | 27000 | 54000 | 108000 | 216000 | 432000 | 518000 | 622080 |
Coreless Motor Competitive Landscape
Thoob ntiaj teb, coreless lub cev muaj zog tsim, vim nws cov thev naus laus zis siab heev thiab kev sib tw zoo, ua ke nrog kev sib txuam nrog cov cuab yeej siv tshuab winding siab heev thiab qib siab ntawm automation, tau ntev tuav lub lag luam siab, muab nws ua ntej-mover kom zoo dua. Cov thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb no suav nrog Switzerland's Maxon, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees's Faulhaber, thiab Switzerland's Portescap. Hauv Suav lag luam, cov tuam txhab sawv cev suav nrog VSD, tau tsim muaj nyob rau hauv 2011. Coreless motor manufacturing nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj pib tom qab, nrog ib tug tej yam yees sib txawv piv rau txawv teb chaws tuam txhab uas muag. Txawm li cas los xij, tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev muaj zog tag nrho kev lag luam saw kom zoo dua qub thiab cov kws txawj ua haujlwm hauv pas dej ua ke, kev cia siab sai sai.
Maxon (Switzerland): Tsim muaj xyoo 1961, Maxon muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 3,300 tus neeg ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb, faib thoob 40 lub tebchaws. Hauv xyoo 2022, lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav kev lag luam ntawm 708 lab Swiss francs, nrog rau kev tsim khoom txhua xyoo ntawm 5 lab units thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm 12, 000 cov khoom lag luam. Lawv cov khoom feem ntau suav nrog brushless thiab brushed DC motors, ntau yam gearboxes, sensors, encoders, servo amplifiers, txoj hauj lwm controllers, CIM thiab MIM Cheebtsam, thiab kev cai daws raws li cov neeg xav tau kev pab. Lawv cov coreless motors txawv ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4-90mm, nrog lub zog xws li 1.2-400 watts. Lub zog torque ua tau zoo heev, nrog lub zog siab, ntau yam ceev, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
Faulhaber (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees): Raws li kev lag luam hauv tsev neeg ywj pheej, Faulhaber lub tshuab tsav tsheb yog ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm precision engineering thiab lub tshuab tsav tsheb. Faulhaber muaj R & D thiab cov chaw tsim khoom hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Switzerland, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Romania, thiab Hungary, nrog lub network hla dhau 30 lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam, thiab ntau dua 2,300 tus neeg ua haujlwm tshaj lij. Lawv brushless coreless lub cev muaj zog B-Micro muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 3 hli, thiab lawv cov brushed coreless lub cev muaj zog 0615N1.5S muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 6 hli.
Portescap (Switzerland): Founded hauv 1931 hauv Switzerland, Portescap pib tsom mus rau kev lag luam watchmaking thiab qhia txog kev hloov pauv coreless rotor DC lub cev muaj zog EscapTM hauv xyoo 1959, nkag mus rau kev lag luam me me. Hauv 2023, nws tau txais los ntawm RegalRexnord. Lub tuam txhab cov khoom lag luam micro-motor ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam kawg xws li cov khoom siv kho mob mus rau ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam.
VSD (Suav teb): Founded hauv 2011, VSD tau tsim sai heev, pib nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, thiab nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos, nws sai sai tau sawv los ua ib tug ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus thawj micro-motor manufacturers, pib nthuav thoob ntiaj teb. Nws twb tau koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb paub zoo xws li Montaplast, Panasonic, thiab Philips, tau txais kev ntseeg siab thiab qhuas. Lub tuam txhab tag nrho lub Hoobkas cheeb tsam tshaj li 10, 000 square meters, nrog cais cov chaw tsim khoom rau cov tshuab txhuam thiab txhuam tsis siv neeg, thiab ntau pua lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab heev (nrog rau cov tshuab winding siab heev), ntau tus kws tshaj lij kev tshawb fawb, thiab ntau pua tus neeg ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej , tsim 200, 000 lub cev muaj zog txhua hnub.
